Stanford Prison Experiment - 905 Words

The Stanford Prison Experiment California State University, Long Beach The Stanford Prison Experiment The Stanford Prison Experiment is a very thought-provoking topic discussed in various classes. Professor and psychologist Philip Zimbardo conducted this experiment through Stanford University. Twenty-four men were randomly selected to participate in a simulated prison environment and were given roles as prisoners or prison guards. This was done to challenge the moral compass of â€Å"good† individuals in a negative environment, which in this case was a prison. Surprisingly, the participants truly embodied their roles. Throughout the experiment, the prison guards enforced their authoritarian power and tormented the prisoners both†¦show more content†¦Although this was not direct physical violence, sleep deprivation and rigorous physical activity could have been detrimental in other ways to the prisoners’ bodies. Also, when Zimbardo was confronted by one of the prisoners requesting to leave the experiment, he responded as a superintendent and negotiated the priso ner into staying at the prison, causing him to endure further torment by the guards. This would not have occurred had Zimbardo responded in a transparent manner as a psychologist. This prisoner eventually displayed signs of severe distress. This is added evidence that the experiment took a negative psychological toll on the participants. Furthermore, a prisoner who performed a hunger strike was forced into solitary confinement, which was an uncomfortably narrow and dark room. It is generally known that extended periods of stressful isolation can cause psychological damage to an individual. Overall, the Stanford Prison Experiment blatantly demonstrated various types of abuse to its human subjects through its prolonged degradation and harm to the individuals. Ultimately, it violated the ASA’s Code of Ethics. Despite the controversy, many found the results of the experiment interesting. Zimbardo’s research concluded that if â€Å"good† people were placed in a negat ive and evil institution, the environment will overcome the individuals and they will embody the nature of their setting. This impliedShow MoreRelatedA Experiment On Stanford Prison Experiment984 Words   |  4 PagesStanford Prison Experiment was a study that was conducted to determine the psychology of imprisonment. It was a simulation experiment that was carried out at Stanford University, Stanford, Calif. This has been dubbed as the classical psychological experiment regarding prisoners and even explains the prisoner abuse that was meted to the poor Muslim prisoners at Abu Ghraib Prison in Cuba. The research questions were to know whether evil prevailed over humanity or whether humanity was suppressed byRead MoreThe Stanford Prison Experiment1006 Words   |  5 PagesCharlie Parrish Mrs. Gumina English III, Hr. 4 18 March 2015 Introduction The Stanford Prison experiment was conducted in 1971, during the summer, at Stanford University. The mastermind behind the experiment was Philip G. Zimbardo, a psychologist and a professor at Stanford University. To help closely simulate a prison environment they called upon an expert. â€Å"Our study of prison life began, then, with an average group of healthy, intelligent, middle class males† (Zimbardo 4). With this group ofRead MoreThe Stanford Prison Experiment : A Experiment890 Words   |  4 PagesThe Stanford Prison Experiment has been one of great controversy since it took place in 1971. Originally established to observe and record the psychological effects the criminal justice system has on prisoners and guards, the experiment went awry due to the neglect of Zimbardo, the scientist holding the experiment. The Stanford Prison Experiment or SPE consisted of 18 students and 6 alternatives recreating regular prison life by being randomly assigned the roles of prisoner a nd guard. Due to hisRead MoreStanford Prison Experiment : Stanford Jail Experiment Essay714 Words   |  3 PagesNathan Mariano Estepa September 13, 2015 Stanford Prison Experiment Zimbardo decided to run an experiment where he would turn a basement under the Stanford campus into a mock prison where he would interview several participants where they would randomly get assigned either guard, or prisoner. Zimbardo aimed to see how everyone pertained the roles they were placed in. Interviewing 75 potential participants, Zimbardo only chose 24 male college students which they received payments of $15/day. TheyRead MoreThe Stanford Prison Experiments1627 Words   |  7 PagesMollie Herrick Professor Ronnfeldt WRC 1013, 0B2 September 26, 2014 The Stanford Prison Experiments The Stanford Prison Experiments, which happened over forty years ago, showed how power, and being powerless, would change and affect a person to do things they wouldn’t normally do. The experiment was started to show what being in the situation of prison would do to a person psychologically. â€Å"I wanted to know who wins -- good people or an evil situation -- when they were brought into direct confrontation†(ZimbardoRead MoreThe Stanford Prison Experiment1658 Words   |  7 Pagesimportant issues today. The Stanford Prison Experiment, conducted over 40 years ago, brought these ethical issues into the limelight and remains one of the most controversial studies in the history of studying human behavior. This paper aims to define ethics, describe risk/benefit ratio, provide a brief background on the Stanford Prison Experiment, and evaluate the impact it has had on psychological research. â€Æ' The Stanford Prison Experiment The Stanford Prison Experiment probably tops a lot of listsRead MoreThe Stanford Prison Experiment1902 Words   |  8 PagesThe Stanford prison experiment was conducted at Stanford University on August 14th through August 20th in 1971, by a team of researchers headed by psychology professor Philip Zimbardo. This experiment used college students and was funded by the U.S. Office of Naval Research. The U.S. Navy and Marine Corps were both very interested in this particular experiment due to the many violent outbreaks and conflicts between military guards and prisoners. In 2010 Hollywood produced a movie on the events ofRead MoreThe Stanford Prison Experiment At Stanford University1239 Words   |  5 Pagesstudent at Stanford University in California. Like most college kids, you are strapped for cash, so you begin to seek a part time job. You see an ad for a psychology study that pays $15 per day posted in the local newspaper, and decide to submit an application. Little do you know at the time, that the study you are applying for will become known worldwide and create such an impact that it remains relevant over 44 years later. This infamous study is known today as the Stanford Prison Experiment. The experimentRead MoreThe Stanford Prison Experiment : Stanford University1697 Words   |  7 PagesThe Stanford Prison Experiment On the morning of August 17, 1971, ten men were arrested from their homes in the Palo Alto area, each with charges of burglary and theft. They were taken to the local police station where they were booked, fingerprinted, blindfolded, and transported to the Stanford Prison - also known as the Psychology department at Stanford University. Not even Philip Zimbardo, the psychologist behind the experiment that would shape the field of psychology for years to come, couldRead MoreA Report On The Stanford Prison Experiment904 Words   |  4 Pages A Report on the Stanford Prison Experiment of 1971 I. Introduction: This report on the Stanford Prison Experiment will define the ethical issues related to prisoner treatment and prison culture in a mock scenario created 1971. The findings of this study define the inclination towards corruption and riotous behavior within the overarching relationship between guard and the prisoners. In a short period of time,. The prisoners became hostile and sought to start a riot in order to free themselves

Of Mice And Men Character Analysis - 1137 Words

The novel, Of Mice and Men, by John Steinbeck, written in 1937. Was placed in The Great Depression, in California. Of Mice and Men is a novel about two men named George and Lennie who have a dream to own a house on the land and have animals and a farm to themselves and Lennie is addicted to soft things. Lennie is all about tending rabbits in this dream they have. It is very rare for a two men to travel together in this time period. Everybodys working for themselves to get money for themselves to have a life, because it is very rare for two men to travel together people get very lonely they have no one just work. In the novel , Of Mice and Men, by John Steinbeck uses characters Candy, Crooks and Curleys wife to contribute to the overall†¦show more content†¦He is willing to give strangers that he just meant all of his money so he could help George and Lennie buy their dream land and live with them so he is not lonely anymore. Candy is a character who contributes with the theme of loneliness. In addition, Steinbeck uses the character Crooks to contribute to the theme of loneliness. Crooks is the only black man on the ranch more than ju st the ranch but the only black man for miles. Crooks is named Crooks because he is hunched back and cant stand up all the way because he got kicked in the back by a horse. Crooks takes care of the stable and the horses. Crooks lives by himself in a little shack on the side of the barn. Crooks lives by himself because he is black and all he has is books to read in his room. Crooks says, â€Å"... you go on get outta my room. I ain’t wanted in the bunkhouse, and you ain’t wanted in my room† (Steinbeck 68). Crooks says this in the novel to show that he is not wanted. Crooks is very lonely he went from being with his family on a chicken ranch to being in a old cabin alone with just books to read. Crooks invites Lennie in and Lennie begins to tell Crooks about George and his dream about buying land and tending rabbits and many other animals. Crooks says,â€Å"... If you.. Guys would want a hand to work for nothing just his keep, why I’d come an’ le nd a hand†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Steinbeck 76) Crooks says this to Lennie to show he wants in on the plan. Crooks is not even willing to get paidShow MoreRelatedOf Mice And Men : Character Analysis1742 Words   |  7 PagesOf Mice and Men: Character Analysis John Ernst Steinbeck Jr. was an American author wrote many novels including one of his most famous, Of Mice and Men. Of Mice and Men teaches many lessons about the nature of human existence. Each relationship grows throughout this short story and end with a dramatic experience. All of the characters, including Lennie, George, Crooks, and Curley’s wife, admit, at one time or another, to having a profound sense of isolation, seclusion and loneliness. The authorRead MoreCharacter Analysis in of Mice and Men2098 Words   |  9 PagesCHARACTER ANALYSIS George George is the second main character and one of the protagonist after Lennie in Of Mice and Men. When Lennie gets into trouble, He always helps him find a solution or get away, though Lennie’s size combined with his mental handicap caused problems frequently. He is also a planner, telling Lennie where he should go if there is trouble on the ranch. To make the dream which is owing a ten-acre farm becomes a reality, He’s competent to work hard. Unlike theRead MoreCharacter Analysis Of Mice And Men910 Words   |  4 PagesJohn Steinbeck sets the scene of his novella, Of Mice and Men, in the Salinas River Valley, a few miles south of Soledad. The time period of the novella is the 1930’s during the Great Depression. The Great Depression began in 1929 after the U.S. had a major financial crisis. People lost all of their money and their homes when the stock market crashed. Many men became migrant farm workers who would travel from farm to farm, working for just enough m oney for food and a few belongings. John SteinbeckRead MoreOf Mice And Men Curley Character Analysis1277 Words   |  6 PagesThe mystery, the troublemaker, the mischief maker, all these words are used to describe a single person, the wife of the man named Curley. This woman whose name is not ever mentioned in the book, is a character from the book Of Mice and Men by John Steinbeck. The presence of this woman alone caused mischief, distrust, a bit of rivalry, and mishap on the farm among the coworkers of her husband. This trouble is demonstrated when Slim says to Curley,  ¨ Well, you been askin ´ me too often. I m gettin ´Read MoreOf Mice and Men by John Steinbeck973 Words   |  4 Pagescanals and working beside men similar to characters in his novels. 2. In a discussion John Steinbeck said, I worked in the same country that the story is laid in. The characters are composites to a certain extent. Lennie was a real person. Hes in an insane asylum in California right now. I worked alongside him for many weeks . . .† (Parini 27) a. During the interview Steinbeck told his personal experiences that permitted him to write and construct the novel Of Mice and Men. II. Proof of Thesis Read MoreAnalysis of Of Mice and Men by John Steinbeck1493 Words   |  6 PagesAnalysis of ‘Of Mice and Men by John Steinbeck ‘Of Mice And Men by John Steinbeck is a classic novel, tragedy, written in a social tone. The authorial attitude is idyllic, however, as the story develops it changes into skeptic. It is evident that Steinbeck knew the setting and places he is writing about. In my opinion Steinbeck drew the subject matter from his own experience of working on ranches, he was interested in special kinds of relationships among men working on ranches with him. ThereRead MoreEssay about Analysis of ‘Of Mice and Men by John Steinbeck 1488 Words   |  6 PagesAnalysis of ‘Of Mice and Men by John Steinbeck ‘Of Mice And Men by John Steinbeck is a classic novel, tragedy, written in a social tone. The authorial attitude is idyllic, however, as the story develops it changes into skeptic. It is evident that Steinbeck knew the setting and places he is writing about. Read MoreUnderdogs in of Mice and MEn1348 Words   |  6 Pages Analysis of ‘Underdog’ Characters in Of Mice and Men â€Å"A guy needs somebody – to be near him.† He whined, â€Å"A guy goes nuts if he ain’t got nobody†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (John Steinbeck 72). Love and belonging, is the third most important need in Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs. As human beings, being a part of something is crucial to our development as a person. People can go insane if they live a life of isolation. In John Steinbeck’s novella, Of Mice and Men, the characters of Candy, Crooks, and Curley’s wife are drivenRead MoreThe Grapes Of Wrath And Of Mice And Men1644 Words   |  7 Pages27 books, widely known for award winning novels, The Grapes of Wrath and Of Mice and Men; Steinbeck is also a Nobel Prize winning of Literature. Steinbeck’s writing expresses realistic and creative thoughts, combining as they do compassionate comedy (through Lennie) and intense social perception with their surrounding national culture. John Steinbeck, â€Å"Of mice and Men†, Printed in 1937, articulating a tale of characters, George Milton and Lennie Small, two exiled migrant ranch workers in pursuitRead MoreInfluence Of Writer s Life And Times1416 Words   |  6 Pageshardship and destitution, greatly influenced John Steinbeck and his dismal novella, Of Mice and Men. Steinbeck, though raised in a fairly successful family in Salinas, California, knew what it felt like to scrounge for money. Working as a laborer and journalist in New York City, Steinbeck remembers his time immediately after college as hungry, dirty, penniless, and lonely, much like the main characters of Of Mice and Men. Steinbeck grew up with a love of writing, and dreamed of writing stories about his

Study plan free essay sample

When I studied at high school, I was highly interested in mathematics then it caused to choose this profession. I coordinated with my professor well , studying actively. Why I choose America? The USA is one of higher developed country and the most preference for human right. Also, I can to possess my occupation using theory and practice greatly therefore I chose America. I do hope, if I will graduate there, I not only will become specialist to e appreciated in my country, but also international range. Studying in America can help me meet talented people from all of the world. That can broaden my horizons. Additional I like the climate and environment of America. All this will help me achieve my future career goal of continuing my father business and enhancing to get transnational corporation thus it will make me more skillful and reach my dreams. I have many nice dreams. We will write a custom essay sample on Study plan or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Let me write about the most important dream of those and I must to reach one. I go to Charity Center with my father by Children Right day annual which names Children of sun and is located in my native town. I see there, children how to dream and how to study and try reaching their dreams. Since I understood they need big help and support, I dreamt to contribute them definitely for becoming good people and living happiness. I will have Charity Center and take care more and more orphaned little kids. Since I became Mother, many kids are suffering same my son that I every think I want it more. study plan By EnJadiya Study Plan free essay sample I am A. S. M Abidur Rahman, born in 1979 in Comilla, Bangladesh. China has long been known for the diligence of its people, and I am writing this letter in the hope of pursuing advanced studies in your esteemed university. Such studies, I believe, are indispensable for my future career development and will benefit me for my whole life. I believe a meaningful life should be all about aiming high and working hard to reach that high. I’m working a pharmaceutical company’s on post of MRA (Market Research Assistant) and I also Believe Why should I study MBA? An MBA will provide me the personal development, professional skills, and networking to take me up the career ladder. I found five reasons to why I should consider an MBA in my career planning – 1. New skills The best way to learn something is to just do it! After several years in the work force Ill have a vast array of skills and attributes next to my name. We will write a custom essay sample on Study Plan or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page However, after experiencing a range of positions and facing the challenges that many a promotion offers, I may begin to feel slightly stagnant. It is human nature to want to learn, to be excited by situations that put us out of our comfort zone – which is exactly what an MBA will do. One of the many benefits of an MBA is the range of new skills youll acquire: new management skills and techniques to move towards increased responsibilities strategic thinking, critical analysis, and a bigger picture understanding better communication and team building skills All skills that will make you the manager your employer is looking for, and the kind of manager your staff will want to learn from. 2. Career development and financial returns To get straight to the point these can be significant! The MBA Councils latest survey results show that 23% of students salaries rose after completion of the program, while 39% of graduating MBA participants were expecting a promotion. An impressive 43% actually received a promotion during the program. Yvonne Winkelmann, 2006 alum of Kellogg School of Management, was able to move into the international arena within her job as a direct result of her MBA something she wouldnt have been able to do without the qualification. Daniel Burns, an MBA student at TUM/HHL is using his MBA thesis as an opportunity to devise a business plan, which he hopes to develop once he graduates. He wanted skills that would allow him to go off on his own and create a business – which is what the MBA is providing him with. 3. A different perspective I think by studying MBA it will change my view on business and the way I look at the world. I can make some changes to my company as a result. It is one of the best experiences I’ll ever have – seriously. Anas experiences are common among many MBA students. Studying for this executive program will not only provide you with an insight into different managerial and leadership approaches, but also into different business practices. Health professionals, public sector executives, as well as participants from NGOs, SMEs, family-run businesses, women and entrepreneurs are adding to the diversity of todays MBA classrooms, enriching the cohort experience. The mix of professors, and in particular classmates, allows you to gain a different view on the world, which, in todays global business arena, can only be beneficial. 4. Immediate reward – for you and your employer As a student, I will walk away from each class with applicable skills and knowledge, as well as a holistic approach to understanding and solving business problems. The following week I can put it all into practice. For the majority of MBA participants, the intense schedule is just part of the trade-off that sees them able to earn more and move ahead without interrupting their careers. The nature of the MBA, which enables you to work and study at the same time, is incredibly relevant particularly in tough economic times. Whats taught in the MBA classroom relates to the current economic climate, ensuring that the skills and knowledge you acquire is not redundant. Professionals and experts from other industry sectors also gain from the general management skills they have reaped from the MBA experience. 5. Networking This is one of the most valuable outcomes of my MBA qualification the international network I will be able to develop. Your fellow classmates that you meet on either a weekly or monthly basis will come from a diverse range of backgrounds – regionally, culturally and professionally. There are very few other places where such a unique group of people converge with the potential to form life-long friendships and, in some cases, business partnerships. Kellogg-WHU alumni Peirre-Yves Rahari, VP, Head of Shareholder Services, PIMCO Europe Ltd says: As an alumni, you continue to receive the benefits of the Kellogg alumni network for a lifetime. I feel that the network has really opened doors to me. Such a network will remain with you long after you have completed your MBA. In fact, the time spent studying for an Executive MBA is simply the beginning. It is also in the years after when you are applying the skills and tapping into your networks, where the real benefits of the executive program lie. An added bonus: personal challenge! An MBA is intense; it is a challenge, a test of my personal and professional ability, and at times a struggle. Yet through struggle there is almost always growth and as these top five reasons for studying an MBA show, it is an experience not to be missed and one that is well worth the challenge.

To A Friend Whose Work Has Come To Triumph Essays - Greek Mythology

To a Friend Whose Work Has Come to Triumph In the poem "To a Friend Whose Work Has Come to Triumph", Anne Sexton alludes to the flight of Icarus and Daedalus and to "To a Friend Whose Work Has Come to Nothing" to convey a message to a friend. I think this poem was written to reassure a friend that what she did was the right thing. Perhaps a father figure of the friend advised her to do something and she defied him, making herself feel worried that she did the wrong thing. William Butler Yeats once wrote a poem titled "To a Friend Whose Work has Come to Nothing". It was a poem believed to be written to reassure a friend that what she ended up doing was a noble thing even though in reality she failed her original task. The title of Sexton's poem is an obvious allusion to Yeats' poem. Sexton changed "Nothing" to "Triumph" in her title. Sexton's friend must have been a fellow poet to be able to catch the allusion to Yeats' poem. I believe she wanted her friend to know that what she did was the right thing. Perhaps she compared her friend to Yeats' friend. Sexton wrote "Think of the difference it made!" referring to Icarus' flight. She might have wanted her friend to realize a difference her defying her father made. The final line of the poem has a comparably different tone than the first 13 lines. The last line, "See him acclaiming the sun and come plunging down while his sensible daddy goes straight into town.", seems more mocking of Daedalus' flight. It seems that Sexton feels that Daedalus' flight was a wasted chance and was in no way adventurous. She might also be comparing her friend to Icarus, seeing as he too failed his initial task but accomplished something greater on a global scale. I believe Sexton thought that Icarus' flight was not foolish or a failure, but adventurous and a great personal success, even though his satisfaction and personal glory was short-lived. She wrote "Admire his wings", "wondrously tunneling", and "Who cares that he fell back to the sea", therefore I think that she doesn't believe that the fact Icarus plunged to the sea is important. Many have used the process of allusion in the past to help convey a meaning of a poem. A popular example and choice of an allusion topic is the bible or past works of art and literature. Anne Sexton obviously chose allusion as her method of conveying her emotional message to her friend.

A Timeline History of Mathematics

A Timeline History of Mathematics Mathematics is the science of numbers. To  be precise, the Merriam-Webster dictionary defines mathematics as: The science of numbers and their operations, interrelations, combinations, generalizations, abstractions and of space configurations and their structure, measurement, transformations  and generalizations. There  are several different branches of mathematical science, which include algebra, geometry and calculus. Mathematics is not an invention. Discoveries and laws of science are not considered inventions since inventions are material things and processes. However, there is a history of mathematics, a relationship between mathematics and inventions  and mathematical instruments themselves are considered inventions. According to  the book Mathematical Thought from Ancient to Modern Times, mathematics as an organized science did not exist until the classical Greek period from 600 to 300 B.C. There were, however, prior civilizations in which the beginnings or rudiments of mathematics were formed. For example, when civilization began to trade, a need to count was created. When humans traded goods, they needed a way to count the goods and to calculate the cost of those goods. The very first device for counting numbers was, of course, the human hand and fingers represented quantities. And to count beyond ten fingers, mankind used natural markers, rocks or shells. From that point, tools such as counting boards and the abacus were invented.   Heres a quick tally of important developments introduced throughout the ages, beginning from A to Z.   Abacus One of the first tools for counting invented, the abacus was invented around 1200 B.C. in China and was used in many ancient civilizations, including Persia and Egypt. Accounting The innovative Italians of the Renaissance (14th  through 16th century) are widely acknowledged to be the fathers of modern accounting. Algebra The first treatise on algebra was written by Diophantus of Alexandria in the 3rd century B.C. Algebra comes from the Arabic word al-jabr, an ancient medical term meaning the reunion of broken parts. Al-Khawarizmi is another early algebra scholar and was the first to teach the formal discipline. Archimedes Archimedes was a mathematician and inventor from ancient Greece  best known for his discovery of the relationship between the surface and volume of a sphere and its circumscribing cylinder for his formulation of a hydrostatic principle (Archimedes principle) and for inventing the Archimedes screw (a device for raising water). Differential Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (1646-1716) was a German philosopher, mathematician and logician who is probably most well known for having invented differential and integral calculus. He did this independently of Sir Isaac Newton. Graph A graph is a pictorial representation of statistical data or of a functional relationship between variables. William Playfair (1759-1823) is generally viewed as the inventor of most graphical forms used to display data, including line plots, the bar chart, and the pie chart. Math Symbol In 1557, the sign was first used by Robert Record. In 1631, came the    sign. Pythagoreanism Pythagoreanism is a school of philosophy and a religious brotherhood believed to have been founded by Pythagoras of Samos, who settled in Croton in southern Italy about 525 B.C. The group had a profound effect on the development of mathematics. Protractor The simple protractor is an ancient device.  As an instrument used to construct and measure plane angles, the simple protractor looks like a semicircular disk marked with degrees, beginning with 0 º to 180 º. The first complex protractor was created for plotting the position of a boat on navigational charts. Called a three-arm protractor or station pointer, it was invented in 1801 by Joseph Huddart, a U.S. naval captain. The center  arm is fixed, while the outer two are rotatable and capable of being set at any angle relative to the center one. Slide Rulers Circular and rectangular slide rules, an instrument used for mathematical calculations, were both invented by mathematician William Oughtred. Zero Zero was invented by the Hindu mathematicians Aryabhata and Varamihara in India around or shortly after the year 520 A.D.

A cross cultural management study on Toyota

A cross cultural management study on Toyota The aim of this paper is to identify what role culture has played in the organizational structure and management technique of Toyota. Toyota is now the world’s leading automobile industry, knocking out rivals car maker; General Motors (Marr, 2009). The Toyota Motor Company was established in 1937 and 30 years later it entered the US market in 1967. By 1980, the company already had about 20% of the US car market as the indigenous car companies started experiencing customer dissatisfaction. The company based its entrant strategy into the US on the following; Fuel efficiency as compared to ‘gas guzzling’ American cars Environmental friendliness Superior build quality The introduction of the luxury-car line The real reason for the company’s success nevertheless was based on the introduction of Japanese style of production, operation and management. According to Liker and Morgan (2006), management principles must extend beyond the shop floor as they do at Toyot a. The ‘Toyota Way’ is a set of standards that harness the Toyota (Japanese) culture. These standards are applied by the Japanese in virtually all their dealings. Although they are moderate by nature hardly showing emotions, they are still very thorough and they apply the successful cultural traits in almost everything they do. The most important aspect of Toyota America is the techniques the company has used to stay successful given the obvious cultural differences between Toyota Japan and its biggest foreign subsidiary. The Japanese and the Americans have distinctly different business cultures however; the company has been able to work in harmony for decades. The major differences are; communication skills, winning attitude, methodology of maintaining strategies etc for both the countries – Japan and United States. Thus, we can say that while establishing a new company in host country culture is highly important. HOME-COUNTRY BUSINESS VALUES (JAPAN) Managerial Autonomy and Long-term Planning Very often, Japanese employees are engaged to the companies for ‘lifetime employment’. It is therefore probable that managers are not pressured to meet requirements financially and employee related. Corporate Rigidity and Hierarchy Japanese companies like Toyota are very hierarchical in nature and as such have distinctive and autonomous power bases. The roles of top managers are defined and incline towards strategic development of the company. The business unit managers are the ones responsible for initiating and supervising new projects. Participatory Decision-making The practice of exploring ideas of employees by senior management is known as Nemawashi in a given project. The idea behind the Nemawashi is to obtain participation of all employees in the decision-making process. The Japanese style of management is a bottom-up approach as compared to the rather autocratic top-down style of management. HOST-COUNTRY BUSINESS VALUES (UNITED ST ATES) Low Context There is more or less an uncongenial nature of communication in American organizations. Expectations of employees are communicated in competency statements or the criteria of their performance. On the other hand however, the Japanese may be more contained in their communication. Individualism Employees and indeed managers in the United States are often defined by their personal achievements and place little importance in group achievements. Americans also do not place much value on trust as they are likely to engage in business with strangers not necessarily friends or family unlike their Japanese collectivist counterparts.

How museums institutions shape the art world and in turn, how art and Research Paper

How museums institutions shape the art world and in turn, how art and artists have critiqued and sometimes transformed these institutions - Research Paper Example t goes back to the early 1866 in Paris when a group of Americans decided to create an institution and gallery of art so that the art and art education could reach to the people of America. The New York State Legislation then incorporated the Metropolitan Museum of Art with the Incorporation Act in 1870. The purpose of this act was to allow the Metropolitan Museum to serve as a Museum and Art Library in the city and further encourage and develop the study of fine arts and the application of arts in advancing the general knowledge. Eastman Johnson was the artist who acted as the co-founder of the museum, and the former Civil War Officer was the first director under the guidance of whom the holdings of the museum consisted of a roman stone sarcophagus and 174 European paintings. Since its formation, Metropolitan Museum of Art had many additions to its outside view and the building. It also had many additions in its collection of Art works, and is now holding some of America’s best art contributions. There are seventeen separate departments for the collections in Metropolitan. Each of the departments has specialised staff and a department of scientific research and conservation. The permanent collection that the museum holds includes paintings and sculptures of almost all the European masters, American and modern art, and also holding of the African, Asian, Oceanic, Islamic and Byzantine Art. Furthermore, the museum also has a collection of musical instruments and weapons from all around the world. The museum holds more than 13,000 artworks currently. Despite the controversies in 2009 related to the book Rogue’s Gallery by the journalist Michael Gross, and the criticisms that the museum faced, they plan to expand their collections and area in the future. The Metropolitan Museum of Art works under the policies of the State and acquires the world-class paintings. They have acquired artworks that hold immense value and have added to the contribution of promoting